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Oil Spill


Oil
Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, which are the decayed remains of marine animals and plants, died and drifted to the bottom. 
For the past of 500 million years under intense pressure and temperature this remains unchanged and too complicated hydrocarbons called petroleum.

Crude Oil..

Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed  of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic material. Crude oil is a mixture of gases, naptha, kerosene, light gas, and residual,  which causes hazardous health effect effects if consume by any life forms. It it is a non renewable resources,  which means that it can not  be replaced naturally at the rate we consume it and is, therefore a limited resource.
Crude Oil is a natural resource that is extracted from the earth and refined into products such as gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products.

Oil Spill

An Oil spill is the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem due to human activity and is a form of pollution. Oil spill may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum product (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by products or waste oil.
In other words contamination of sea water due to an oil pour, as a result of an accident or human error is termed as oil spill. Oil is among the most important energy sources in the world, because of its uneven distributions.
It is transported by ships across the oceans and by pipelines across the lands.

Accidents...

Several accidents in the past while transferring the oil to vessels, by transportation breaking of pipelines as well as while drilling in the earth crust. These spill contaminate the coasts and can cause serious health problems to human beings

Crude oil and refined fuel spills from tanker ship accidents have damaged vulnerable ecosystems.

Human Impact

An oil spill represents an immediate fire hazard.The deepwater Horizon explosion killed 11 oil rig workers.
Spilled oils can also be contaminated drinking water supplies. In 2000 springs were contaminated by an oil spill in Clark county.
Contamination can have an economic impact on tourism and main Marine resources extraction industries.

 For example the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted beach tourism and fishing along the gulf coast the responsible parties were required to the comments compensate economic victims.


Environmental effects
Spilled oil can affect animals and plants in two ways:  direct from the oil and from the response of the cleanup process. There is no clear relationship between the amount of oil in the aquatic environment and the likely impact on biodiversity.
In addition oil spills can also harm air quality. The chemical in crude oil are mostly hydrocarbon that contain toxic chemicals such as benzene, toluene,  poly-aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.


Oil Spill Cleanup

An oil spill reached relatively quickly and located away from  town is the easiest to clean up by one of these methods. But rarely do things work out so easily. Oil Spills are generally very messy, hazardous and environmental threatening. Spill may reached shorelines have time to spread and effect wildlife.


Some different ways -
- Using Oil Booms
- Using Skimmers
- Using Sorbents
- Hot water and High pressure Washing
- Using manual labour 
- Bioremediation 
- Chemical Stabilization of Oil by Elastomizers 
- Using Disperants

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