Emission Standard
Emission Standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere.Emission Standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specifics air pollutants that may be released from sources over specific timeframes.
They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protects human life. different countries and regions have different standards for emissions.
This action sets for the EPA's Environmental Protection Agency decision an aspects of the agency proposed reconsideration of the December 1, 2015, Final Rule Petroleum Refinery Sector Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Acronyms : A no. of acronyms are used in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes.
AEGL acute exposure guideline level
CAA Clean Air Act
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
DCU Delayed Coking Unit
FCCU Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit
HAP Hazardous Air Pollutants
NSPS New Source Performance Standards
Emission Standards In India
Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES) are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Board under the Ministry of Environments & Forests.
The standards, based on European regulations were first introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then. All new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations. By 2014, the country was under a combination of Euro 3 and Euro 4-based norms, with Euro 4 standards partly implemented in 13 major cities. Till April 2017, the entire country was under BS IV norms, which is based on Euro 4.
Emission Standards In Germany
Emissions from stationary engines in Germany are controlled by the TA Luft Regulation introduced in 1986 and later by the 44th BImSchV introduced in 2019.
The Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft in short referred to as TA Luft is a regulation covering air quality requirements - including emissions, ambient exposures and their control methods _ applicable to a number of pollutants from a range of stationary courses. The TA Luft regulation, based on the Federal Air Pollution Control Act was enforced by the German Environment Ministry BMU.
The most recent revision of the TA Luft regulation, known as TA Luft 2002, was adopted on July 24, 2002. Compared to the previous requirements, TA Luft 2002 introduced more stringent emission limits for particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides from internal combustion engines.
In India
India has experienced rapid economic development since the end of the 20th century, and is now the world’s fastest growing major economy1. This development has been fuelled by an increase in domestic demand for products and services, and an expansion of the manufacturing sector, resulting in an economic growth rate which has outpaced China in recent years2. However, this rate of development has had serious consequences for India’s environment, with increasing vehicle numbers and expanding industries resulting in high pollutant emissions across the country.
The industrial sector is a significant contributor of stack emissions in India, from localised sources such as brick kilns and diesel generator sets, to large centralised facilities such as coal- fired thermal power plants and oil refineries. As a result, industry emission standards have an important role to play in reducing emissions and improving air quality.
The legal provision for the development of Emission Standards for industrial sectors is set out under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and further built upon in the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The Government of India sets emission standards as a means to limit the levels of pollution emitted from industrial sources. The responsibility for overseeing the development and implementation of these standards is shared between the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs). These are minimum national standards, but the SPCBs have the authority to set tighter standards if required — although there are very few examples where this has happened in practice.
Roles And Responsibilities of Governments Bodies
Various organisations are involved in the development of emission standards. The following provides a brief overview of the Government bodies that contribute to the process. Further details of their specific roles in the process are then provided in the following sections.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change (moeFcc)
The MOEFCC is a government department responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The Ministry is responsible for the implementation of policies and programmes related to the conservation of the country’s natural resources, and has five broad objectives:
• To conserve and survey flora, fauna, forests and wildlife;
• The prevention and control of pollution;
• To oversee afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas; • The protection of the environment; and
• To ensure the welfare of animals.
The MOEFCC is responsible for reviewing draft standards developed by CPCB, undertaking public consultation and adopting and publishing finalised emission