Petroleum Industry
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sector : upstream, midstream and downstream.
Upstream Sector:-
• The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields.
Exploration Services involve use of seismic methods to evaluate where and how to prove a drilling prospect, high speed computers, 3D and visual interpretation theatres.
Drilling includes well design, drilling rig operation and process and related technologies.
Well Completion involves bringing the production on line with advanced downhole equipment applications, downhole monitoring and automated well control equipment.
Midstream Sector
• Midstream is a term used to describe one of the three major stages of oil and gas industry. Midstream activities include the storage, processing and transportation of petroleum product and natural gas.
• Midstream refers to points in the oil production process that falls between the upstream and midstream.
• These may include companies that specialize in operating tanker ships, pipelines, or storage facilities.
Midstream activities are commonly included as a part of other operations for much of the global oil and gas industry. The midstream and downstream activities takes place after initial production phase known as upstream.
Downstream Sector
• The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas.
• The downstream sector reaches consumers through such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuels, diesel oil, fuel oils lubricants, waxes asphalt, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
• Downstream operations can also play a part in the medical field and agriculture sector.